Impactos do programa habitacional Minha Casa Minha Vida sob a cidade e população carioca: uma análise a partir da percepção dos beneficiários

Abstract

This essay aims to analyze the impacts of the Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) housing program on the city and population of Rio de Janeiro, fundamentally taking into account the perspective of the beneficiaries. The analysis of the information was based on three main sources: in the survey of the theoretical or bibliographic reference; in the Satisfaction Survey of Beneficiaries of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program, carried out by the Ministry of Cities in 2014, in surveys carried out by the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA); and in unpublished technical-scientific reports, prepared by a group of authors and organized by Adauto Cardoso in 2011 and 2012, referring to the Production of Popular Housing in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro: the case of the MCMV Housing Complexes in Realengo and the case of the Residential Malaga Garden. In this context, in the first instance, it introduces a contextualization regarding the institutional and legal-instrumental advances in the National Housing Policy (PNH) from the Housing Project to the National Social Housing System (SNHIS) and the setbacks characterized among several elements by the shortcomings of the PMCMV to Brazilian cities. In the second instance, it discusses the issue of the beneficiaries' perspective in the analysis of public policies, as well as its theoretical relevance in the process of production of urban space. Thirdly, at a general level, it evaluates and analyzes the data from the satisfaction survey carried out by IPEA in 2014. Finally, in the specific case of the city of Rio de Janeiro from the perspective of the beneficiaries of the PMCMV, it analyzes the implications related to the scale (areas, typologies, etc.) and location (population displacements, supply of equipment) of the projects; as well as seeks to understand, the logic behind the choice of the geographical location of land for construction of real estate projects, through the analysis of the preeminence of the real estate market over the public meaning of the program, in order to answer questions that are relevant: Until what point is the final product of the program the result of a public policy that guarantees the population's quality of life through access to housing, services, infrastructure and equipment? Would it be the result of a public policy that solely and exclusively meets the demands and interests of the real estate market? Would it be a public policy that articulates and meets the demands of the population and those of the real estate market? In general terms, the article presents the recent trajectory of housing policy in Brazil, fundamentally a critical perspective on the MCMV Program and an approach even referring to the possibilities of evaluating public policies by its beneficiaries.