Planos diretores da cidade do Rio de Janeiro 2011 - 2021: Uma análise comparativa sob a ótica do tripé da sustentabilidade

Abstract

The city of Rio de Janeiro underwent, from the 19th century onward, a process of rapid and often disordered urbanization, which resulted in profound socio-spatial inequalities, the precarization of urban conditions, and environmental degradation. This scenario imposes on urban management the challenge of formulating and implementing public policies that promote sustainable development and territorial equity. In this context, the Master Plan, established as the central instrument of urban policy by Article 182 of the 1988 Federal Constitution and mandatory for municipalities with more than 20,000 inhabitants, represents a structuring axis for territorial planning, the guarantee of the social function of the city, and the realization of urban rights. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, there is a progressive movement toward the incorporation of the principles of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aimed at promoting inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities. Given this, this study proposes a comparative analysis of the Master Plans of 2011 and 2021 (the latter approved by Complementary Law No. 270 of 2024), based on the environmental, economic and social triple bottom line—as a theoretical lens for evaluating public policies, with special attention to the evolution of sustainable urban planning practices. The methodology adopted is based on the Sustainable Development Index of Cities (IDSC), which enables the identification of advances in urban planning from a chronological perspective. Through this approach, the aim is to understand the transformations that have occurred over the past decade, as well as to assess the effectiveness of the proposed guidelines. Despite the inherent challenges, the research results make it possible to identify the weaknesses and strengths of the implemented policies, as well as to rethink new strategies for building a sustainable city.