Perfil de pacientes com o diagnóstico de Deficiência Intelectual do ambulatório de Neurologia Infantil do Instituto de Peuricultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Intellectual Disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by limitations in intellectual and adaptive functions, with an estimated prevalence of 1 to 3% of the world population. It can be classified according to degree (mild, moderate, severe, and profound) and etiology (genetic, prenatal, perinatal, postnatal, and unknown). OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with ID followed by the Pediatric Neurology service of an university hospital. METHODOLOGY: A review of the medical records of patients followed by the Pediatric Neurology service was carried out, excluding patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The collected data were analyzed and compared with literature. RESULTS: Patients in this sample predominantly presented moderate and severe degrees of ID. Regarding etiology, 35.92% are of unknown etiology, however 33.98% have an identified genetic cause, followed by perinatal (15.53%), prenatal (10.68%), and postnatal (3.88%) causes. The most prevalent comorbidity is epilepsy. Bivariate analysis of this sample revealed a relationship between the degree of intellectual disability (ID) and the use of teratogenic medications during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Patients followed present complexity in both the degree of ID and the comorbidities, reinforcing the pattern of a tertiary university hospital. Further studies are needed, due to the lack of literature, regarding risk factors for the severity of ID.