Constantes fundamentais e análise dimensional no ensino médio

Abstract

Fundamental constants are not given this name by chance: they play a central role in connecting the micro and the macro, linking the classical, relativistic, and quantum worlds. They form the basis for building a sound intuition about the scales of nature. These constants are also essential elements for one of the most powerful tools in Physics: dimensional analysis. More recently, their relevance has become even more evident, as the entire International System of Units (SI) is now defined in terms of these fundamental constants. This dissertation aims to discuss how these constants are addressed in PNLD textbooks and in the daily practices of high school classrooms. To this end, a survey was conducted on the presence and treatment of fundamental constants in these works, as well as a questionnaire with Physics teachers from different regions of Brazil. Based on these data and the conclusions obtained, a booklet was developed to synthesize key concepts, illustrate metrological procedures, present historical aspects of some of these constants, and suggest practical activities and examples of dimensional analysis.