Anemia aplásica: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Bone marrow aplasia is a rare hematological disorder, with an incidence of 0.6 to 6.1 cases per million inhabitants. It is characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells, leading to pancytopenia. Insufficiency of hematopoiesis can occur due to several mechanisms, such as the destruction of hematopoietic cells by cytotoxic agents, mutations and immune-mediated reactions. Marrow aplasia is a difficult diagnosis to make, as its clinical and laboratory characteristics overlap with other pathologies such as myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia. Regarding treatment, there have been advances in therapies, but it continues to be a pathology of management and treatment due to its peculiarities. This work reviews the current literature on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of bone marrow aplasia, using recent articles that address advances in understanding and management of this disease.