O aborto legal em casos de gestação decorrente de violência sexual: percepções e vivências de médicos obstetras

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the perceptions of obstetricians and residents of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Program of a Federal School Maternity Hospital (Maternidade Escola Federal) regarding legal abortion in cases of pregnancy resulting from sexual violence; to identify their experiences and uncover motivations, resistances, and feelings related to the topic. Method: A descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The first stage corresponded to the description of the personal and professional profile of the participants and their experiences with the topic through a self-administered questionnaire. Obstetricians affiliated with the Obstetric Center of the hospital where the study was conducted, the Director of the Medical Division of the institution, and residents of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Program affiliated with the institution were invited to participate. 36 completed questionnaires were obtained. The second stage corresponded to conducting an interview on the topic. The saturation sampling criterion was used to define the sample size for this stage. Six physicians were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using the content analysis method in the thematic modality. Results: The questionnaires showed that all participants had already provided assistance to women in situations of sexual violence and that the majority had already participated in legal abortion for pregnancies resulting from sexual violence. The categories that emerged from the analysis of the interviews were: "the duty and the medical practice: personal possibilities and limitations"; "access to legal abortion in the care network: impressions about health services"; "gaps in the professional training journey: the invisibility of the topic"; "noise between what is said and what is heard: is it true?"; and "the listening place: obstetric physicians' feelings." Final considerations: The results highlight the importance of addressing the topic in the fields of health and education beyond the technical scientific approach, aiming to produce new care strategies