Detecção e localização de falhas de alta resistência por ondas viajantes

Abstract

The location of faults in transmission lines is a subject that has been constantly studied in several research centers. The required importance given to this subject is justified, because the rapid detection and localization accelerates the process of restoration of the electric power system, due to the occurrence of several faults or events. In this way, it is developed in this work a method of detection and localization of fault for large areas of monitoring of electrical power systems based on the theory of traveling waves using defined rules for PMU allocation. The theory of traveling waves via two-terminal measurement makes it possible to estimate the place of the fault in a simpler and more precise shape, in relation to the other techniques, ideal for applications in which the processing time of the algorithm can be considered an obstacle. However, the application of this theory to fault location systems in large areas of measurement is little discussed in the literature due to the great amount of reflection and refraction of the waves. Therefore, the proposed method introduce the use of synchronized phasor measurement systems through the PMU in the location of faults within a monitored network. Thus, it became necessary to develop a set of rules for PMU allocation and thus obtain the observability of the analyzed network for application of the proposed method. The evaluation of the proposed method is performed by means of digital simulations of failures reproduced in a program dedicated to studies of electromagnetic transients.