Termos de ajustamento de conduta no enclave mineráro amazônico: leituras da ecologia política em Barcarena/PA

Abstract

The master thesis seeks to investigate the logistical processes that involved the environmental disaster that occurred in 2018, in the city of Barcarena, in the interior of Pará, where, at the time, there was serious contamination of the region's rivers and, consequently, of local communities, as a result of from the leak of a toxic broth composed of clay, silica and metallic leftovers from the refining of bauxite, the ore from which aluminum originates. The dumping of these wastes was responsible for numerous problems, on site, that affected and still exert significant influences on the lives of traditional peoples in the region. In this sense, the research is theoretical in nature, with exploratory objectives, using the bibliographic review method of authors who address the themes of (i) Political Ecology and (ii) Collective Protection of Environmental Rights. In the first chapter, a topography of space and time was developed, in order to verify the historical matrices that led to the formation of the problem outlined by mining in the region. To this end, the concepts of environmental racism and sacrifice zone were used. In the second chapter, the objective was to observe how Political Ecology can provide tools to deal with the legal issue, in order to deepen its full potential to reflect legal instruments and, therefore, sophisticate them in the face of the valuation of other narratives. In the third chapter, a more technical analysis of the problem was constructed. After highlighting the matrices of the problems and the possibilities of other readings through Political Ecology, the problems of efficiency and effectiveness of TAC Hydro in Barcarena were finally demonstrated. In conclusion, it can be seen that the Conduct Adjustment Term (TAC) is commonly used as a reactive measure to deal with environmental conflicts, being activated after the occurrence of damage. It seeks to correct the conduct of those responsible for the damage, based on the principle of prevention to avoid recurrences, however, this occurs with little maintenance of the will of the affected traditional communities, who have in-depth knowledge of the region and a strong territorial identity with the place, which highlights the importance of considering your ecological and sustainable perspectives and practices.