Análise da relação entre o acesso a emprego e ocorrências criminais: o caso do transporte por ônibus no Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Public security instability has been one of the biggest problems faced by much of the Brazilian territory. This fragility results from different criminal activities, such as robberies and thefts, affecting different urban systems, including public transport networks. With a high dependence on the urban bus service, the population is subjected daily to the numerous criminal occurrences recorded in the scope of this mode of transport, which can make the various displacements throughout the municipality unfeasible. Inspired by the new dynamic given to criminal analysis studies as an important tool for the prevention and creation of public security policies, it is proposed to create an accessibility indicator in the face of violence in reaching jobs in several neighborhoods, considering the trips made by by bus. Finally, since territorial attributes can be analyzed from the perspective of the spatial interdependence relationship between regions, depending on their degrees of proximity, an analysis of spatial autocorrelation is also performed, in order to measure the degree of influence of different variables on crime present in bus systems. As a case study, the indicator is developed in the 162 neighborhoods in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where the analyzes showed that the longer the travel time, the greater the possibility of crimes that affect the users of this system, especially on buses that travel. north of Rio de Janeiro. In addition, although several variables have shown the formation of clusters when subjected to the verification of spatial autocorrelation, the attributes related to crime around public bus transport have not shown significant spatial dependence, which points to a randomness of these occurrences.