Análise dos serviços ambientais do bioma mata atlântica: estoque de carbono e indicadores de sustentabilidade nos municípios de Petrópolis, Magé e Paty do Alferes - RJ

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes the environmental services of the Atlantic Forest Biome in Rio de Janeiro (BMARJ), focusing on soil organic carbon stock and sustainability indicators in the municipalities of Petrópolis, Magé, and Paty do Alferes. The methodology integrated geospatial analysis, socioeconomic and environmental indicators, allowing for a qualitative assessment of environmental services. The results indicate that Petrópolis has the largest carbon stock, related to its significant forest cover, while Magé shows greater urban pressure and Paty do Alferes maintains rural characteristics favorable to conservation. The analysis of sustainability indicators reveals that Petrópolis leads economically (GDP per capita: R$ 51,003.60), Paty do Alferes stands out for its rural landscapes, and Magé presents the greatest environmental challenges. The region presents a positive ecosystem balance (-134,253 t CO₂e/year of net sequestration), with two carbon-negative municipalities (Magé and Petrópolis) and one critical one (Paty do Alferes). The energy sector, along with the waste sector, dominates emissions, reaching more than 80% of these. Approximately 87.94% when both are added together. Magé, as well as Petrópolis, presents regional ecosystem efficiency, while Paty do Alferes is configured as the sole emitting source. The study identifies the Ecological ICMS (Tax on Circulation of Goods and Services) as a fundamental instrument of regulatory policy. The study proposes specific public policies: "Magé – Regenerative City" (mangrove restoration), "Sustainable Valley" for Paty do Alferes (PES and agroforestry), and "Smart Green City" for Petrópolis (smart urban forests). The recommendations include the creation of an Intermunicipal Atlantic Forest Consortium, implementation of regional legal frameworks including a specific Ecological ICMS (Tax on Circulation of Goods and Services) for the region, and development of a regional market for environmental services. The research contributes to the understanding of territorial dynamics and offers guidelines for conservation policies for the Atlantic Forest, serving as a replicable model for other regions of the biome