Revisão taxonômica e filogenia do gênero Micropoecilia Hubbs (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)

Abstract

Monophyly of the genus Micropoecilia is supported by 13 synapomorphic features: lateral projection of dentary absent; longitudinaly elongated vomer; non-elongated posterior portion of dorsal arch; reduced second pharyngobranchial dentition; process on the anterior border of first hypobranchial present; latero-posterior process of fifth ceratobranchial elongated; reduced supracleithrum; narrow bones of caudal skeleton; anterior portion of first gonapophisys gently curved ventrally; retrose claw at the tip of ray 5 absent; lanceolated caudal fin of males; males, with more dorsal-fin rays than females and post-umeral mark present. Seven species are recognized: Micropoecilia parae (EINGEMANN), M. branneri (EIGENMANN), M. picta (REGAN), M. bifurca (EIGENMANN), M. minima (COSTA & SARRAF), M. sp. 1 e M. sp. 2. Micropoecilia picta is hypothesized to be closely related to M. parae because both share 3 synapomorphies: between ventral process of posttemporal direct and firmly attached to neurocranium; thickened tip of the pelvic fin of males and round black blot on the ventrolateral portion of body of male above gonopodium present. Micropoecilia bifurca, M. minima, M. branneri, M. sp. 1 e M. sp. 2 are considered to be closely related because they share 6 synapomorphies: teeth of the outer series of dentary and premaxilla anteriorly directed; second pharyngobranchial dentition very reduced; posterior half abruptally narrowing to the tip of ray 3 of gonopodium; ray 4p of gonopodium approximately straight to slightly projected dorsally; ray 5a abruptally decreasing in size and the posterior tip of pelvic fin reaching the base of gonopodial palp. The phylogenetic hypothesis (parae + picta (bifurca +(minima +(branneri + sp 1 + sp 2)))) is advanced through the analysis of 48 morphological characters.