Análise da acessibilidade a empregos promovida por serviços de ride-hailing em comparação com o transporte público : uma proposta de método

Abstract

The concept of accessibility as an element of the interaction between land use and transportation is widely applied in studies of urban mobility. The idea that the accessibility of a place can be measured by the variety and quantity of opportunities available at the destination has led to the creation and adaptation of various indicators. The mode of transport known as ride hailing (RH) has grown in recent years, making it necessary to evaluate its impact on modern society, mainly its interaction with other modes. Therefore, this article presents a method to calculate the accessibility of formal jobs generated by public transportation (PT) and RH, to compare the results. For this purpose, we made adaptations to two indicators commonly used in the literature: the Gini index and the location quotient (LQ). The integrated structure is demonstrated in the context of a case study conducted in four districts of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Using the proposed method, it was found that in regions with greater balance between jobs and resident population and high offer and variety of PT, equal accessibility between HR and PT was achieved with 2.4 passengers, whereas the regions with a greater imbalance between employment and resident population and low supply and variety of public transport, this equal accessibility was achieved with less than 2.4 passengers (traveling together). The results indicate that the RH service has a potential to complement PT in places with a balance between population and employment but it has a substitute potential in places with an imbalance of these variables. of Tourism, Horus Labtrans, the Civil Aviation Secretariat, the World Tourism Organization, among others.