O processo histórico de disciplinarização do cálculo infinitesimal no Brasil e um panorama sobre alguns países da Europa e América

Abstract

The calculus discipline several changes until it was established as conceive it today. However, some of its current characteristics can be noticed since the period when calculus began to be taught, through the tensions between rigor and intuition, and the dichotomy present in teaching aimed at mathematicians and engineers. Another factor in this context refers to the fact that the discipline of calculus was not always taught as pure calculus, but with all the rigor that is expected from a mathematical analysis course. In this sense, with the intention of studying the history of teaching calculus, this research seeks to present a deeper analysis of its process of disciplinarization in Brazil during the 20th century. For this task, we start from a historical survey on the organization of mathematics teaching in the main institutions of the country, highlighting the educational reforms that made calculus sometimes be taught, sometimes removed from the official curricula. The methodology adopted to carry out the research was the bibliographic analysis, through which we present a series of books that were part of this process of disciplinarization. The educational spheres analyzed were divided between secondary schools, technical schools and higher education. Another development of the research comes from the International Reform Movement led by Felix Klein, through which we seek to analyze its effects in Brazil, and in addition, establish an overview of the situation of some of the countries that participated in the 1914 conference.