A inserção do biodiesel na matriz energética nacional: aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais e institucionais

Abstract

The work has its core guided by the atmosphere of interest in the expansion of the production and use of the biofuels in Brazil, particularly the biodiesel. It aims to contribute for the apprehension of the elements that guide the development of the renewable energy sources. It makes an evaluation of the technical and economical variables that led the world oil industry’s to be established over a technological basis centralized in its production, made viable by a monopolistic institutional arrangement, vertically integrated in the whole chain. It discusses the Brazilian oil market’s structuration process, showing that the share of the diesel in the final energy consumption makes biodiesel as an appropriate alternative to the national energy planning. It exposes the decisive elements of the oil sector’s expansion model exhaustion and it shows that the geopolitical instability, and, more recently, the environmental impacts, that fomented the actions for the expansion of the production and use of biofuels. It describes the institutional arrangements used to promote biofuels. The research details the Brazilian Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB), analyzing the economic, environmental, social and regional aspects. It also evaluates which raw materials sources of the biodiesel production should be prioritized, through a methodology of multicriteria analysis. The research presents some opportunities for the expansion of sustainable production and use of biodiesel in Brazil.