Análise das notificações de síndromes respiratórias agudas graves na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre 2013 e 2018: um estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS) are respiratory infections with a high potential for morbidity and mortality, especially among children, the elderly, and individuals with comorbidities. This study aimed to analyze the notification profile of SARS cases in the city of Rio de Janeiro between 2013 and 2018, in order to support the qualification of epidemiological surveillance and decision-making in addressing these diseases. This is an ecological, descriptive, and retrospective time-series study, based on data from the SIVEP Gripe system, available on the OpenDataSUS platform. A total of 3,695 reported and closed cases were identified during the period, with a lethality rate of 98.51 per 100,000 inhabitants and an incidence rate of 6.09 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2016. A shift in seasonality was observed starting in 2015, with peaks occurring between April and July. Children under five years old accounted for 69.2% of cases, with a notable proportion of infants under one year old in 2014 (40.4%) and 2015 (46.1%). The most frequently reported race/color categories were white (38.4%) and black (35.9%), although 25.1% of records lacked this information. Regarding education level, 77.2% were classified as “not applicable,” and 15.2% as “unknown.” The findings underscore the need for continuous efforts to improve data quality and maintain effective surveillance of respiratory viruses in the municipality, aiming at more efficient public health prevention and control strategies.