Resistência ao esforço cortante em vigas curtas de concreto leve, sem armadura transversal

Abstract

In the failure test of a reinforced concrete beam, with the loads and reactions applied on the top and bottom of the beam, respectively (named "directly loaded beam"), it is evident that the shear strenght of the beam is greatly affected by the ratio of shear span to effective depth, a/d. Thus, for directly loaded beams with a/d ratios smaller than 2.5 (named "short beams") the shear strenght increases sharply, due to the presence of a significant vertical compressive stress component between the load and reaction, this effect being known as "arch action". The present work’s main purpose was to study this behaviour in lightweight structural concrete with expanded shale aggregate, by means of the failure tests of ten rectangular beams without web reinforcement, with a/d valves between 0.8 and 2.4. All test beams failed in shear and the analysis of the observed failure patterns indicate that shear strength of the lightweight concrete is affected by the sames variables as affect the strength of normal weight concrete. The difference between the types of materials is one of magnitud of shear resistance and not fundamental difference in behavior. The tests results were compared with shear design criteria of HANSON (1962), CEB-FIP (1970), ACI-COMMITTEE 318 (1971), ZSUTTY (1971) and ABNT: NB-1 (1974) and it is presented a table which shows accentuated differences between these criteria. An empirical equation to evaluate the shear strength of rectangular without web reinforcement with a/d values between 1.0 and 3.0 is proposed.