Vitamina D: evidências científicas na prevenção de complicações obstétricas e neonatais

Abstract

In Brazil, the dosage and treatment of hypovitaminosis D during prenatal caries still a little discussed. Studies in the international literature suggest that a pregnant woman, and her fetus, with inadequate concentrations of vitamin D are more likely to develop some obstetric complications. However, the Brazilian scientific literatures still very scarce in the subject, requiring studies that prove and emphasize the importance of tracking and treating vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women, in order to reduce the risks of the complications involved. The objective of this study is to gather scientific evidence on the importance of vitamin D to pregnant and fetal health, contributing to the prevention of various obstetric and neonatal complications. This is a bibliographical review. The literature search was carried out through the PUBMED, SCIELO and BIREME databases. As a result of this review, anex planatory and educational brochure was prepared for health professionals at the School Maternity School of UFRJ, highlighting the importance of vitamin D for pregnant women and her neonate and with basic guidelines on maintaining adequate vitamin concentrations D during pregnancy. Studies have collaborated with the scientific literature supporting information on the influence of DVD on obstetric complications such as pre eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, bacterial vaginosis and increased cesarean deliveries. Taking into account that adequate intake and sun exposure are strategies that are sometimes limited, supplementation is an alternative. For neonates, the recommendation for prophylactic vitamin D supplementation is already established by the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (2014), with 400 IU of vitamin D / day, from the first week of life up to 12 months, and 600 IU / day from 12 to 24 months, including for exclusively breastfed infants, regard less of the region of the country. The development of protocols for prevention and treatment of the DVD can only be performed with greater effectiveness in order to reduce the prevalence of the deficiency.