Um material instrucional para o ensino de cinemática: dos conceitos iniciais ao experimento mental de Galileu

Abstract

This work presents instructional material aimed at teaching kinematics in high school, focusing on the active construction of concepts through a participatory and investigative approach. The didactic sequence was structured into five meetings, combining dialogue meetings, discussion in small groups and the resolution of contextualized mathematical problems. Four questionnaires were designed to promote student reflection and engagement with physical concepts. The last questionnaire was dedicated to the analysis of Galileo's thought experiment on relative motions. As part of the research, a bibliographical survey of publications on peer instruction was carried out in two magazines in the field of Physics, The American Journal of Physics and The Physics Teacher, as well as articles on thought experiments in physics teaching. Furthermore, one of the activities, the one that discusses Galileo's thought experiment, was applied in the first year of the degree (higher level), which made it possible to identify persistent conceptual challenges among students at different levels of education and highlight the difficulties faced in basic education. The instructional material used in the teaching sequence was made available in this dissertation.